Biology

2.1 The Building Blocks: Atoms, Isotopes, Ions, and Molecules

• Examples
• Example 1: Concept Clip: Electron Orbitals
• Example 2: Concept Clip: Ionic and Covalent Bonds

2.2 Properties of Water

• Examples
• Example 1: Concept Clip: Properties of Water

2.3 The Importance of Carbon

3.1 Synthesis of Macromolecules

• Examples
• Example 1: Concept Clip: Dehydration Synthesis & Hydrolysis

3.2 Carbohydrates

3.3 Lipids

3.4 Proteins

• Examples
• Example 1: Concept Clip: Protein Structure

3.5 Nucleic Acids: DNA and RNA

• Examples
• Example 1: Concept Clip: DNA & RNA Structure

4.1 Prokaryotic Cells

4.2 Eukaryotic Cells

• Examples
• Example 1: Concept Clip: Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells
• Example 2: Concept Clip: Plant vs. Animal Cells

4.3 The Endomembrane System

4.4 The Cytoskeleton

5.1 Plasma Membrane Components and Structure

• Examples
• Example 1: Concept Clip: The Plasma Membrane

5.2 Passive Transport and Diffusion

• Examples
• Example 1: Concept Clip: Diffusion and Osmosis
• Example 2: Concept Clip: Facilitated Diffusion

5.3 Active Transport and the Sodium-Potassium Pump

• Examples
• Example 1: Concept Clip: Active Transport in Cells

5.4 Transport of Multiple Molecules

5.5 Cell Surface and Interaction

6.1 Energy and Metabolism

6.2 Potential, Kinetic, Free, and Activation Energy

6.3 The Laws of Thermodynamics

6.4 ATP: Adenosine Triphosphate

6.5 Metabolic Pathways and Enzymes

• Examples
• Example 1: Concept Clip: Enzyme Mechanics
• Example 2: Concept Clip: Enzyme Regulation

7.1 Energy in Living Systems

7.2 Glycolysis

• Examples
• Example 1: Concept Clip: Glycolysis

7.3 Oxidation of Pyruvate and the Citric Acid Cycle

• Examples
• Example 1: Concept Clip: Citric Acid Cycle

7.4 The Electron Transport Chain and Oxidative Phosphorylation

• Examples
• Example 1: Concept Clip: The Electron Transport Chain and Oxidative Phosphorylation

7.5 Fermentation

7.6 Carbohydrate, Protein, and Lipid Metabolic Pathways

7.7 Regulation of Cellular Respiration

8.1 Overview of Photosynthesis

8.2 The Light-Dependent Reactions of Photosynthesis

• Examples
• Example 1: Concept Clip: The Light-Dependent Reactions of Photosynthesis

8.3 The Calvin Cycle and Glucose Synthesis

• Examples
• Example 1: Concept Clip: Calvin Cycle

9.1 Signaling Molecules and Cellular Receptors

9.2 Signal Transduction

• Examples
• Example 1: Concept Clip: Signaling Pathways

9.3 Cellular Response

9.4 Signaling in Single-Celled Organisms

10.1 Components of Genomes

10.2 The Cell Cycle and Mitosis

• Examples
• Example 1: Concept Clip: Cell Cycle

10.3 Regulation of the Cell Cycle

• Examples
• Example 1: Concept Clip: Cell Cycle Regulation

10.4 Prokaryotic Cell Division

11.1 The Process of Meiosis

• Examples
• Example 1: Concept Clip: Meiosis

11.2 Sexual Reproduction

12.1 Mendel's Experiments and the Laws of Probability

12.2 Characteristics and Traits

• Examples
• Example 1: Concept Clip: Test Cross

12.3 Laws of Inheritance

• Examples
• Example 1: Concept Clip: Crossing Over & Independent Assortment in Linked Genes

13.1 Chromosomal Theory and Genetic Linkage

• Examples
• Example 1: Concept Clip: Genetic Mapping

13.2 Chromosomal Basis for Inheritance

14.1 A Modern Understanding of DNA

14.2 DNA Structure and Sequencing

14.3 DNA Replication in Prokaryotes

• Examples
• Example 1: Concept Clip: DNA Replication in Prokaryotes

14.4 DNA Replication in Eukaryotes

• Examples
• Example 1: Concept Clip: DNA Replication in Eukaryotes

14.5 Mutations and DNA Repair

15.1 The Genetic Code

15.2 Prokaryotic Transcription

• Examples
• Example 1: Concept Clip: Prokaryotic Transcription

15.3 Eukaryotic Transcription

• Examples
• Example 1: Concept Clip: Eukaryotic Transcription

15.4 RNA Processing in Eukaryotes

• Examples
• Example 1: Concept Clip: mRNA Processing

15.5 Protein Synthesis

• Examples
• Example 1: Concept Clip: Protein Synthesis

16.1 Regulation of Gene Expression

16.2 Prokaryotic Gene Regulation

• Examples
• Example 1: Concept Clip: trp operon
• Example 2: Concept Clip: lac operon

16.3 Eukaryotic Gene Regulation

• Examples
• Example 1: Concept Clip: Eukaryotic Gene Regulation

16.4 What Is Cancer?

17.1 The Field of Biotechnology

• Examples
• Example 1: Concept Clip: Molecular Cloning

17.2 Mapping Genomes and Sequencing

17.3 Applications of Genomics and Proteomics

18.1 Understanding Evolution

18.2 Speciation: The Evolution of New Species

18.3 Factors that Affect Speciation

19.1 How Populations Evolve

• Examples
• Example 1: Concept Clip: The Hardy-Weinberg Principle of Equilibrium

19.2 Population Genetics

19.3 Adaptive Evolution

20.1 Organizing Life on Earth

20.2 Determining Evolutionary Relationships

20.3 Strategies for Phylogenetic Modeling

21.1 Viral Evolution, Morphology, and Classification

21.2 Virus Infections and Hosts

21.3 Prevention and Treatment of Viral Infections

21.4 Prions and Viroids

22.1 Prokaryotic Diversity

22.2 Structure of Prokaryotes: Bacteria and Archaea

22.3 Prokaryotic Metabolism

22.4 Bacterial Diseases in Humans

22.5 Beneficial Bacteria

23.1 Eukaryotic Origins

• Examples
• Example 1: Concept Clip: Endosymbiotic Theory

23.2 Classification of Protists

23.3 Ecological Roles of Protists

24.1 Characteristics of Fungi

24.2 Classifications of Fungi

24.3 Ecological Roles of Fungi

25.1 Ancestry and Characteristics of Land Plants

• Examples
• Example 1: Concept Clip: Alternation of Generations

25.2 Bryophytes: Mosses and Their Relatives

25.3 Seedless Vascular Plants: Ferns and Their Relatives

26.1 Evolution of Seed Plants

26.2 Gymnosperms

26.3 Angiosperms

26.4 The Importance of Seed Plants

27.1 Characteristics of Animals

27.2 Classification of Animals

• Examples
• Example 1: Concept Clip: Animal Characterization Based on Embryological Development

27.3 Animal Phylogeny

28.1 The Sponges (Phylum Porifera)

28.2 Corals, Jellyfish, and Sea Anemones (Phylum Cnidaria)

28.3 Flatworms, Rotifers, and Nemerteans (Superphylum Lophotrochozoa)

28.4 Mollusks and Annelids (Superphylum Lophotrochozoa)

28.5 Nematodes and Tardigrades (Superphylum Ecdysozoa)

28.6 Arthropods (Superphylum Ecdysozoa)

28.7 Deuterostomes (Superphylum Deuterostomia)

29.1 Chordates

29.2 Fishes

29.3 Amphibians

29.4 Reptiles

29.5 Mammals

29.6 Primate Evolution and Diversity

30.1 The Plant Body

30.2 Stems

30.3 Roots

30.4 Leaves

30.5 Transport of Water and Nutrients in Plants

• Examples
• Example 1: Concept Clip: Transpiration

30.6 Plant Sensory Systems and Responses

31.1 Plant Nutrients and Soil

31.2 Nutrient Acquisition in Plants

32.1 Reproductive Development and Structure

32.2 Pollination and Fertilization

32.3 Asexual Reproduction and Plant Propagation

33.1 Animal Body Plans

33.2 Primary Tissues of Animals

33.3 Homeostasis

34.1 Digestive Systems

34.2 Nutrition and Energy Production

34.3 Digestive System Processes and Regulation

35.1 Overview of the Circulatory System

35.2 Components of the Blood

35.3 Mammalian Heart and Blood Vessels

• Examples
• Example 1: Concept Clip: Cardiac Cycle

35.4 Blood Flow and Blood Pressure Regulation

36.1 Systems of Gas Exchange

• Examples
• Example 1: Concept Clip: Gas Exchange

36.2 Gas Exchange across Respiratory Surfaces

36.3 Breathing

36.4 Gas Transport in Human Body Fluids

37.1 Innate Immune Response

37.2 Adaptive Immune Response

• Examples
• Example 1: Concept Clip: T Cells and B Cells

37.3 Antibodies

38.1 Osmoregulation and Osmotic Balance

38.2 The Kidneys and Osmoregulatory Organs

38.3 Excretion Systems and Nitrogenous Wastes

38.4 Hormonal Control of Osmoregulatory Functions

39.1 Hormone Function

39.2 Hormone Regulation

• Examples
• Example 1: Concept Clip: Blood Sugar Regulation

39.3 Endocrine Glands

40.1 Asexual and Sexual Reproduction

40.2 The Germline and Gametogenesis

40.3 Hormonal Control of Reproduction

40.4 Human Pregnancy and Birth

40.5 Embryogenesis and Organogenesis

• Examples
• Example 1: Concept Clip: Fertilization and Gastrulation

41.1 Sensory Processes

41.2 Somatosensation

41.3 Taste and Smell

41.4 Hearing and Balance

41.5 Vision

• Examples
• Example 1: Concept Clip: Vision

42.1 Neurons and Glial Cells

42.2 Communication Between Neurons

• Examples
• Example 1: Concept Clip: Action Potentials

42.3 The Central Nervous System

42.4 The Peripheral Nervous System

42.5 Nervous System Disorders

43.1 Skeletal Systems

43.2 The Structure and Function of Bones

43.3 Joints and Skeletal Movement

43.4 Muscle Contraction and Locomotion

• Examples
• Example 1: Concept Clip: Muscle Contraction

44.1 The Scope of Ecology

44.2 Biogeography

44.3 Terrestrial Biomes

44.4 Aquatic Biomes

44.5 Climate and Climate Change

45.1 Population Demography

45.2 Life Histories and Natural Selection

45.3 Population Growth and Regulation

• Examples
• Example 1: Concept Clip: Population Dynamics

45.4 Community Ecology

45.5 Behavioral Biology

46.1 Ecosystem Ecology

46.2 Energy Flow through Ecosystems

46.3 Biogeochemical Cycles

47.1 The Biodiversity Crisis

47.2 The Importance of Biodiversity to Human Life

47.3 Threats to Biodiversity

47.4 The Future: Preserving Biodiversity